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Financial core
The financial core (also FiCore or Fi-Core) is a payment so employees can work in a union environment without becoming full members, with the intent of paying only for the basic costs associated with their representation by the union. The United States Supreme Court in 1963 initially defined the financial core in ''Labor Board v. General Motors'',〔(Labor Board v. General Motors )〕 and has continued to clarify what is a core obligation and that unions are required to notify potential employees it is an option. Controversy continues as to what exactly the financial core is – and there are instances of unions not informing employees of their rights.
==Origin==
Under the ''National Labor Relations Act'' (Sec. 8 (a) (3)) an employer and a labor organization may agree to condition employment upon membership in the union. The 1963 ruling limited the burdens of membership upon which employment may be conditioned to the payment of initiation fees and monthly dues. In the words of the court, "Membership as a condition of employment is whittled down to its financial core."〔 Or, in other words, "If an employee in a union shop unit refuses to respect any union-imposed obligations other than the duty to pay dues and fees, and membership in the union is therefore denied or terminated, the condition of ''membership'' for 8 (a) (3) purposes is nevertheless satisfied and the employee may not be discharged for nonmembership even though he is not a formal member."
In 1988, the Supreme Court again addressed the financial core issue in ''Communications Workers of America v. Beck''.〔(Communication Workers of America v. Beck (1988) )〕 The question this time was whether an employee who is not a formal member in the sense above, but rather a financial core member, can be required to pay full union dues and fees, if those fees are used for purposes beyond collective bargaining, contract administration, or grievance adjustment (so-called ''collective bargaining activities''). The court ruled in a 5 to 3 decision, with Justice William Brennan writing for the majority, that the financial core obligation does not include "the obligation to support union activities beyond those germane to collective bargaining, contract administration, and grievance adjustment."〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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